Forensic science, also known as criminalistics, involves applying scientific principles and methods to support legal decision-making in criminal and civil matters.
- Scope and Practices:
- Forensic scientists analyze various types of evidence, including:
- DNA: Used for identification and linking suspects to crimes.
- Fingerprints: Unique patterns left at crime scenes.
- Bloodstain Patterns: Help reconstruct events.
- Firearms and Ballistics: Study bullets, casings, and firearm-related evidence.
- Toxicology: Detect substances (e.g., drugs, poisons) in biological samples.
- Microscopy: Examine trace evidence (e.g., fibers, hair).
- Fire Debris Analysis: Investigate arson cases.
- They collect, preserve, and analyze evidence during investigations.
- Forensic scientists analyze various types of evidence, including:
- Roles:
- Some forensic scientists work directly at crime scenes, collecting evidence.
- Others focus on laboratory analysis, examining objects brought to them.
- Some specialize in financial crime investigation, analyzing numerical data.
- Expert Witnesses:
- Forensic scientists testify in court as expert witnesses.
- They can work for the prosecution or the defense.
- Distinction from Criminology:
- Criminology is more theoretical, aiming to develop frameworks and theories to explain criminal behavior.
- Forensics is practical, providing concrete evidence for investigations and legal proceedings.
Forensic science plays a crucial role in unraveling mysteries, solving crimes, and ensuring justice.
